The purpose of this text is to assist the reader with developing the techniques required to accurately and efficiently bend conduit. The formula methods that the text will deal with at first will seem slow and time consuming, but as you learn the method and become confident with the bender and your own abilities, it will be quicker and less time consuming than any other "about" methods in use by many electricians in the field today. The text will lead you through the steps of procedure for formulated bending, and then let you apply what you have read with sample problems.